The Muslim holy month of Ramadan began this year on March 11, marking a time when devout Muslims abstain from eating, drinking and smoking from dawn until sunset.
For people with diabetes who plan to fast, nutritionist Ina Danquah says involving coworkers and friends because if blood sugar levels get out of control, there is a risk of life-threatening hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia.
The risk of these complications is heightened during the fasting month of Ramadan.
It is therefore important for Muslims with diabetes to sensitize those around them as to how to notice signs of blood sugar imbalance and what actions to take if necessary.
Extended fasting during Ramadan can lead to hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, characterized by symptoms such as extreme calmness, sluggishness and even fainting, says Danquah, a professor of nutrition science at the University Clinic of Heidelberg in Germany.
Sweating, trembling, restlessness, confusion or palpitations can also indicate hypoglycaemia.
So, what should you do if signs of hypoglycemia occur?
Ideally, individuals who are fasting should have discussed with a health care professional what steps to take in such emergencies, having a precise plan in place.
One option is to break the fast immediately by drinking something sweet. However, if the person is unresponsive due to loss of consciousness, it's a clear case for calling emergency services for help.
Similarly, unconsciousness can occur due to hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar.
This can also happen during Ramadan - for example, as a result of eating a large amount of food before sunrise or after sunset.
"This is usually accompanied by dehydration, so those affected are very thirsty. And they often feel dizzy and nauseous or black out," describes Danquah.
Signs also include an increased urge to urinate, tiredness, visual disturbances and deeper breathing with a slightly sweet smell.
In this case too, those affected usually know what they should do in such a situation. If they are no longer responsive, calling for medical help is crucial.
