Scientists at the University of Michigan have succeeded in creating a new type of membrane from recycled Kevlar that could facilitate the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. These batteries could prove to be up to five times more efficient than the models currently used by the automotive industry.
This brand new type of battery membrane has enabled the development of a lithium-sulfur battery capable of operating for more than a thousand cycles, without loss of performance. As a side note, the recycled Kevlar used in this work is similar to that used in bulletproof vests.
Scientists already established several years ago that lithium-sulfur batteries could serve as alternatives to lithium-ion models, but at that point it was still too early to determine the real potential of such technologies. This new development could change all that, as it gives them a lifespan never before achieved. This membrane is also resistant to extreme temperatures. It is generally considered that 1,000 charge cycles correspond to about 10 years of use.
Researchers have shown that the use of a network of aramid nanofibers, recycled from Kevlar, can considerably increase the life expectancy of a lithium-sulfur battery, without any expense for its capacity, resilience or, most importantly, its safety.
In absolute terms, this technology also works on lithium-ion batteries, but the goal here was to promote the development of lithium-sulfur batteries, which are much more efficient, at least on paper. In addition to their higher capacity, lithium-sulfur batteries have an advantage in terms of sustainability because sulfur is much more abundant than the cobalt used in lithium-ion electrodes.
This work was published in Nature Communication, and the discovery has been patented. It should be commercialized in the near future.
